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Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism
The last book by the eminent American philosopher and public intellectual Richard Rorty, providing the definitive statement of his mature philosophical and political views. Richard Rorty’s Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism is a last statement by one of America’s foremost philosophers.Here Rorty offers his culminating thoughts on the influential version of pragmatism he began to articulate decades ago in his groundbreaking Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. Marking a new stage in the evolution of his thought, Rorty’s final masterwork identifies anti-authoritarianism as the principal impulse and virtue of pragmatism.Anti-authoritarianism, on this view, means acknowledging that our cultural inheritance is always open to revision because no authority exists to ascertain the truth, once and for all.If we cannot rely on the unshakable certainties of God or nature, then all we have left to go on—and argue with—are the opinions and ideas of our fellow humans.The test of these ideas, Rorty suggests, is relatively simple: Do they work?Do they produce the peace, freedom, and happiness we desire?To achieve this enlightened pragmatism is not easy, though.Pragmatism demands trust. Pragmatism demands that we think and care about what others think and care about, which further requires that we account for others’ doubts of and objections to our own beliefs.After all, our own beliefs are as contestable as anyone else’s. A supple mind who draws on theorists from John Stuart Mill to Annette Baier, Rorty nonetheless is always an apostle of the concrete.No book offers a more accessible account of Rorty’s utopia of pragmatism, just as no philosopher has more eloquently challenged the hidebound traditions arrayed against the goals of social justice.
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Pragmatism as Anti-Authoritarianism
“Provocative and engaging…The array of urgent questions and crises facing our democracy makes one miss Richard Rorty’s voice: insistent, relentlessly questioning, and dedicated to the proposition that we can’t afford to let our democracy fail.”—Chris Lehmann, New Republic“Richard Rorty was the most iconoclastic and dramatic philosopher of the last half-century.In this final book, his unique literary style, singular intellectual zest, and demythologizing defiance of official philosophy are on full display.”—Cornel West“Coherent, often brilliant, and it presents a clear and timely case for political pragmatism.”—Jonathan Rée, Prospect“Today, there are few philosophers left whose thoughts are inspired by a unifying vision; there are even fewer who can articulate such a view in terms of such a ravishing flow of provocative, but sharp and differentiated, arguments.”—Jürgen HabermasRichard Rorty’s final masterwork offers his culminating thoughts on the influential version of pragmatism he began to articulate decades ago in his groundbreaking Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature.He identifies anti-authoritarianism as the principal impulse and virtue of pragmatism.Anti-authoritarianism, in this view, means acknowledging that our cultural inheritance is always open to revision because no authority exists to ascertain the truth, once and for all.If we cannot rely on the unshakable certainties of God or nature, then all we have left to go on—and argue with—are the opinions and ideas of our fellow humans.The test of these ideas, Rorty suggests, is relatively simple: Do they work?Do they produce the peace, freedom, and happiness we desire?To achieve this enlightened pragmatism is not easy, though.Pragmatism demands trust. It demands that we think and care about what others think and care about, and that we account for their doubts of and objections to our own beliefs. No book offers a more accessible account of pragmatism, just as no philosopher has more eloquently challenged the hidebound traditions arrayed against the goals of social justice.
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Brazilian Authoritarianism : Past and Present
How Brazil’s long history of racism and authoritarian politics has led to the country’s present crises and epidemic of violenceBrazil has long nurtured a cherished national myth, one of a tolerant, peaceful, and racially harmonious society.A closer look at the nation's heritage, however, reveals a far more troubling story.In Brazilian Authoritarianism, esteemed anthropologist and historian Lilia Schwarcz presents a provocative and panoramic overview of Brazilian culture and history to demonstrate how the nation has always been staunchly authoritarian.It has papered over centuries of racially motivated cruelty and exploitation—sources of the structural oppression experienced today by its Black and Indigenous population.Linking the country’s violent past to its dire present, Schwarcz shows why the social democratic left was defeated and how Jair Bolsonaro ascended to the presidency. Schwarcz travels through five hundred years of colonial history to consider Brazil’s allegiance to slavery, which made it the last country to abolish the system.She delves into eight elements that pervade Brazil’s problematic culture: racism, bossism, patrimonialism, corruption, inequality, violence, gender issues, and intolerance.But Schwarcz also argues that Brazil’s future is not absolutely hopeless.History is not destiny, and even as the nation experiences its worst crises ever—social, political, moral, and environmental—it has the potential to overcome them. A stark, revealing investigation into Brazil’s difficult roots, Brazilian Authoritarianism shines a light on how the country might imagine a more hopeful path forward.
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Brazilian Authoritarianism : Past and Present
How Brazil’s long history of racism and authoritarian politics has led to the country’s present crises and epidemic of violenceBrazil has long nurtured a cherished national myth, one of a tolerant, peaceful, and racially harmonious society.A closer look at the nation's heritage, however, reveals a far more troubling story.In Brazilian Authoritarianism, esteemed anthropologist and historian Lilia Schwarcz presents a provocative and panoramic overview of Brazilian culture and history to demonstrate how the nation has always been staunchly authoritarian.It has papered over centuries of racially motivated cruelty and exploitation—sources of the structural oppression experienced today by its Black and Indigenous population.Linking the country’s violent past to its dire present, Schwarcz shows why the social democratic left was defeated and how Jair Bolsonaro ascended to the presidency. Schwarcz travels through five hundred years of colonial history to consider Brazil’s allegiance to slavery, which made it the last country to abolish the system.She delves into eight elements that pervade Brazil’s problematic culture: racism, bossism, patrimonialism, corruption, inequality, violence, gender issues, and intolerance.But Schwarcz also argues that Brazil’s future is not absolutely hopeless.History is not destiny, and even as the nation experiences its worst crises ever—social, political, moral, and environmental—it has the potential to overcome them. A stark, revealing investigation into Brazil’s difficult roots, Brazilian Authoritarianism shines a light on how the country might imagine a more hopeful path forward.
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What is the difference between democracy, totalitarianism, and authoritarianism?
Democracy is a form of government where power is vested in the people, who can exercise it directly or through elected representatives. Totalitarianism is a form of government where the state has total control over all aspects of public and private life, and opposition is suppressed. Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. In a democracy, power is distributed among different branches of government and there are mechanisms for checks and balances, while in totalitarianism and authoritarianism, power is concentrated in the hands of a single leader or ruling party.
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What is the difference between royal anointing and imperial anointing?
Royal anointing and imperial anointing both refer to the act of anointing a monarch with oil as a symbol of divine blessing and authority. The main difference between the two lies in the title and status of the monarch being anointed. Royal anointing is typically associated with kings and queens, while imperial anointing is associated with emperors and empresses. Additionally, imperial anointing often carries a connotation of greater power and authority, as emperors historically ruled over vast and diverse empires.
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of an imperial empire?
Advantages of an imperial empire include the potential for economic growth through increased trade and access to resources, the ability to spread culture and technology to conquered territories, and the establishment of a centralized government that can provide stability and security. However, disadvantages include the exploitation of conquered peoples for labor and resources, the suppression of local cultures and traditions, and the potential for resistance and rebellion from subjugated populations. Additionally, maintaining control over a vast empire can be costly and resource-intensive, leading to potential economic strain on the ruling power.
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Are the Imperial War Flags of the German Empire prohibited?
Yes, the Imperial War Flags of the German Empire are prohibited in Germany. The use of these flags is restricted due to their association with the country's imperial past and the atrocities committed during that time. The German government has implemented laws and regulations to prevent the public display of these flags in order to avoid glorifying or promoting the ideologies of the German Empire.
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Authoritarianism : A Very Short Introduction
Authoritarianism is one of the buzzwords of our age.But what is it exactly? This Very Short Introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the world of authoritarian regimes, including military, single-party, and personalist regimes.It considers how understandings of authoritarianism have evolved over time, as well as the curious fact that many authoritarian regimes today hold elections.Drawing on examples from Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East, James Loxton examines the life cycle of authoritarian regimes.How are they born? What challenges do they face during life? Why do they die? The author shows how factors such as natural resource wealth and cross-border collaboration can contribute to authoritarian durability.He also highlights the disturbing fact that even when authoritarian regimes collapse, voters often use their newfound democratic rights to send former authoritarian officials back to office.
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The Social Roots of Authoritarianism
Why are some authoritarian regimes highly competitive and others highly unified?Do they function differently? And what does it mean for our understanding of democracy and democratization?In The Social Roots of Authoritarianism, Natalia Forrat describes two models of authoritarianism: the first in which people see the state as their team leader and the other where they trust informal (non-state) leaders and see the state as a source of perks or punishment.Depending on which vision of the state is dominant in society, she argues that autocrats must use different tools to consolidate their regimes or risk a pushback.If people view the state as their team leader, autocrats rely on social conformity and teamwork logic.If people view the state as an outsider, autocrats rely on clientelist bargains and utility maximization logic.Unpacking the grassroot mechanisms maintaining unity-based and division-based authoritarianisms further, Forrat compares the structures of political machines in four Russian regions.She finds that the two regions with centralized organizational structures bound by social solidarity and team logic delivered predictable, stable results across multiple elections.But the other two regions that relied on decentralized structures with multiple levels of brokers acting independently of each other were less effective in delivering stable results. Carefully crafted and sophisticated, Forrat's theory of authoritarian power sheds new light on state-society relations in Russia.But it is also broadly applicable beyond Russia and helps explain the divergent patterns of regime maintenance strategies in authoritarian countries throughout the world.
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Authoritarianism Goes Global : The Challenge to Democracy
Over the past decade, illiberal powers have become emboldened and gained influence within the global arena.Leading authoritarian countries-including China, Iran, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela-have developed new tools and strategies to contain the spread of democracy and challenge the liberal international political order.Meanwhile, the advanced democracies have retreated, failing to respond to the threat posed by the authoritarians.As undemocratic regimes become more assertive, they are working together to repress civil society while tightening their grip on cyberspace and expanding their reach in international media.These political changes have fostered the emergence of new counternorms-such as the authoritarian subversion of credible election monitoring-that threaten to further erode the global standing of liberal democracy.In Authoritarianism Goes Global, a distinguished group of contributors present fresh insights on the complicated issues surrounding the authoritarian resurgence and the implications of these systemic shifts for the international order. This collection of essays is critical for advancing our understanding of the emerging challenges to democratic development.Contributors: Anne Applebaum, Anne-Marie Brady, Alexander Cooley, Javier Corrales, Ron Deibert, Larry Diamond, Patrick Merloe, Abbas Milani, Andrew Nathan, Marc F.Plattner, Peter Pomerantsev, Douglas Rutzen, Lilia Shevtsova, Alex Vatanka, Christopher Walker, and Frederic Wehrey
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Authoritarianism : What Everyone Needs to Know®
Despite the spread of democratization following the Cold War's end, all signs indicate that we are currently seeing a resurgence of authoritarianism.Around forty percent of the world's people live under some form of authoritarian rule, and authoritarian regimes govern about a third of the world's countries.In Authoritarianism: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG, Erica Frantz guides us through today's authoritarian wave, explaining how it came to be and what its features are.She also looks at authoritarians themselves, focusing in particular on the techniques they use to take power, the strategies they use to survive, and how they fall.As she demonstrates, understanding how politics works in authoritarian regimes and recognizing the factors that either give rise to them or trigger their downfall, remains as important as ever.This book paves the ways for such an understanding. Authoritarianism is a clear and concise overview that provides readers with a context for making sense of one of the most important-and most worrying-developments in contemporary world politics.
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Which imperial empire was the strongest that has ever existed?
It is difficult to determine which imperial empire was the strongest as it depends on various factors such as military power, territorial control, economic influence, and cultural impact. However, many historians consider the Mongol Empire, which was the largest contiguous land empire in history, to be one of the strongest imperial empires. The Roman Empire is also often considered one of the strongest due to its vast territorial control and long-lasting influence on Western civilization. Additionally, the British Empire is often cited as one of the strongest due to its global reach and economic power during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Ultimately, the strength of an empire is subjective and can be interpreted in different ways.
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Why is the Imperial War Flag of the German Empire considered fascist?
The Imperial War Flag of the German Empire is considered fascist because it was adopted by the Nazi Party in the 1930s and became associated with the rise of fascism in Germany under Adolf Hitler. The flag came to symbolize the aggressive militarism, authoritarianism, and extreme nationalism of the Nazi regime. Its use during World War II, a conflict marked by fascist ideologies and atrocities, further solidified its association with fascism. Today, the flag is seen as a potent symbol of a dark chapter in history and is often used by neo-Nazi and far-right groups to promote similar ideologies.
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What are majestic animals?
Majestic animals are creatures that inspire awe and admiration due to their impressive size, beauty, or grace. These animals often possess striking physical characteristics, such as a regal posture, vibrant colors, or powerful presence. Examples of majestic animals include lions, eagles, whales, and peacocks. Their magnificence captivates and fascinates observers, making them symbols of strength, beauty, and wonder in the natural world.
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Search for majestic music.
You can find majestic music by searching for classical orchestral pieces, such as Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 or Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture. You can also explore film scores from epic movies like "The Lord of the Rings" or "Gladiator" for majestic and grandiose music. Additionally, searching for "epic music" or "majestic soundtracks" on music streaming platforms like Spotify or YouTube can lead you to a variety of majestic music options.
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